| The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century |
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| The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century |
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Latin Learning
| Cathedral
Schools: Paris, Laon, and Chartres
Curriculum |
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Beginnings of the Universities: Bologna (Law) and Paris(Theology)
Bologna: Justinian’s Corpus iuris civilis Concord of Discordant Canons (Concordia discordantium canonum) Paris: Peter Lombard, Sentences
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Influence of
Arabic and Jewish Culture on Western Europe: Philosophy Avicebron (Solomon Ibn Gabrirol 1021-1070) Maimonides (Moses ben Maimum, 1135-1204) Avicenna (Ibn Sina 980-1037) Averroës (Ibn Rushd 1125-1198) Mathematics Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (ca. 825), translated in Latin in 1143 (Decimal System and Algebra) Ishaq ibn Hunayn (ca. 800), translated all of Euclid into Arabic. Translated into Latin in the Twelfth Century Medicine Translations of Arabic Constantine the African 1065 came to Salerno at the urging of Archbishop Alfanus; translated Arabic texts into Latin; became a Christian; Salerno becomes the first Western medical school. Translations of Greek Medical Texts by Gerard of Cremona (1114-1187) at Toledo (Galen with Arabic Commentaries; Rhazes [Abu al-Razi]) Treatises) Byzantine and Islamic Libraries Cairo 1.1 Million Volumes ca. 1150 A.D. Cordoba 400,000 Volumes ca. 950 A.D.
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Abelard and Heloise |
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| Peter Abelard, Historia calamitatum (History of My Misfortunes) | William of Champeaux, Anselm of Laon |
| Abelard's Sic et Non | Saint Bernard of Clairvaux |
| Abelard and Heloise. Canon Fulbert of Paris; Heloise, Fulbert's niece | St. Denis, royal abbey, the birthplace of Gothic Architecture |
| Abelard died 1142 at the Abbey of Cluny |
The Spread of Universities in Europe 1100 to 1400
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Sculpture from the tomb of Johannes of Legnano, a professor of law at Bologna (died 1383) showing law students listening to Johannes lecture in a classroom at the University of Bologna. |
Latin Literature:
Poetry, the beginning of rhymed verse.
